Definition 4.1.2: For grammar G = (V, S, P, S) and x,y__(V ___)*, x directly derives y, written x _ y, if x = x1_x2, y = x1_x2, and ________P; also, x derives y, written x _* y, if for some n0 there exist z0, z1, , zn __(V ____* so that x = z0, y = zn, and zi _ z i+1 for 0i
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