Problem 1
---------
(a) float(str(54/10) + "03")
5.403

(b) (random.randint(0, 10)*10 <= 100) or (random.randint(0, 10) < 5)
True

(c) int(str(543 % 10) + str(543 // 10))
354

(d) math.sqrt(16) + 3
7.0

(e) (not not not True) and True
False

(f) 76 // 10 + 76 / 10
14.6

(g) int(5 + random.random())//2
2

(h) (153 < 153) or (not (175 != 198))
False

(i) "The answer is"+ " " + str(0.5)
'The answer is 0.5'

(j) str(15.0//3 + 3//2)
'6.0'

Problem 2
----------
(a) 
5 4
5 6
***
6 5
6 7
6 9
***
7 6
***
8 7
8 9
***
9 8
9 10
9 12
***

(b)
20
19
16
19

foo1: m -> parameter, n -> local variable, y -> global variable
foo2: p -> parameter, y -> global variable

Problem 3
---------
(a) 
error = 0 # tracks the number of errors
count = 0 # tracks the total number of words typed by user
while True:
    word = input()
    count = count + 1
    
    # Increment variable error if the user has made an error
    # Blank 1
    if word != "mongoose" and word != "squirrel" and word != "possum":
        error = error + 1

    if error == 3:
        break

# Output percentage of correct words
# Blank 2
print("Percentage of correct words:", 100*(count - error)/count)


(b)
def cubeRoot(s, e):
    oldX = s/3 # initial guess
    # The next value of x
    # Blank 1

    newX = (s/(oldX*oldX) + 2*oldX)/3

    while True:
        # If the new x and the oldx are close
        # enough, then return an answer
        # Blank 2

        if abs(oldX - newX) <= e:
            return newX

        # Update newX and oldX
        # Blank 3
        oldX = newX

        newX = (s/(oldX*oldX) + 2*oldX)/3
        
Problem 4
----------
(a)
def isPerfectCube(n):
    x = int(cubeRoot(n, 0.5))
    return (x**3 == n) or ((x+1)**3 == n)

(b)
def encode(n, k):
    codedNumber = ""
    while n > 0:
        codedNumber = str((n % 10 + k) % 10) + codedNumber
        n = n // 10